1
Momentum and Impulse
Determine the impulse delivered to the sled during the recorded interaction, in N·s.
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Physics 30
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Physics 30
Mechanics, fields, waves, and modern physics practice
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2
Momentum and Impulse
Which description best gives the direction of the coupled carts immediately after impact?
3
Momentum and Impulse
An autonomous field rover of mass 420 kg travels at 18 m/s. Calculate its momentum magnitude in kg·m/s.
4
Momentum and Impulse
A protective barrier increases the time required to bring a moving cart to rest without changing its initial momentum. Why does this reduce the average force?
5
Momentum and Impulse
A 0.18 kg practice puck moves toward a wall at 14 m/s and rebounds directly away at 9 m/s. What is the impulse magnitude?
6
Momentum and Impulse
Two carts couple and move together after colliding on a level track. Which statement correctly classifies the collision?
7
Momentum and Impulse
A 1.20 kg cart moving at 4.5 m/s couples to a stationary 0.80 kg cart. The pair then couples to a stationary 1.00 kg cart. Determine their final speed, in m/s, to two decimal places.
8
Momentum and Impulse
Two force-time graphs enclose equal areas but have different peak forces. What must be the same for the two interactions?
9
Momentum and Impulse
A stationary system separates into two parts. One part moves west with momentum magnitude p. Neglecting external forces, what is the momentum of the other part?
10
Momentum and Impulse
Which quantity is equal to the net impulse on an object?
11
Electric Fields
A charged electroscope is touched first with a metal strip and then, in a separate trial, with a dry acrylic strip. Which observation is most consistent with the materials?
12
Electric Fields
The magnitude of one charge is tripled while the separation between two point charges is doubled. The new electrostatic force magnitude is
13
Electric Fields
A small positive test charge is replaced by another positive charge with twice the magnitude at the same location. Which statement is correct?
14
Electric Fields
On a map, arrowed curves show the direction of force on a positive test charge, while unarrowed curves join points of equal electric potential. These represent, respectively,
15
Electric Fields
Which graph best represents electric-field magnitude E as distance r from an isolated point charge increases?
16
Electric Fields
Pair B has twice the potential difference and three times the plate separation of Pair A. Compared with EA, the field EB is
17
Electric Fields
A uniform electric field points downward. What is the direction of the electric force on a negative particle in the field?
18
Electric Fields
A small particle of mass 4.8 × 10-15 kg remains suspended in a vertical electric field of 2.4 × 104 N/C. Calculate the charge magnitude in coulombs.
19
Electric Fields
A positive charge moves from a location of higher electric potential to one of lower electric potential in a uniform field. Which quantity decreases?
20
Electric Fields
An alpha particle starts from rest and moves through a potential difference of 180 V. Calculate its speed in m/s.
21
Magnetic Fields
At a point, a wire produces a magnetic field opposite to a stronger background field. What describes the resultant field?
22
Magnetic Fields
A proton follows a circular path of radius 0.14 m perpendicular to a 0.032 T magnetic field. Calculate its speed in m/s.
23
Magnetic Fields
A proton moves east through a magnetic field directed north. What is the direction of the magnetic force?
24
Magnetic Fields
Calculate the magnetic-force magnitude on the active conductor length, in newtons, to three significant digits.
25
Optics
An object 0.12 m tall is 0.60 m from a converging lens of focal length 0.24 m. Which describes the image?
26
Optics
A transparent material has refractive index 1.38. What is the speed of light in the material?
27
Optics
A narrow beam of white light spreads into colours after passing through a glass prism because
28
Quantum Physics
Which equation correctly relates stopping potential Vs, incident frequency f, and threshold frequency f0?
29
Quantum Physics
The horizontal intercept of the graph is used to determine which property of the metal?
30
Atomic Physics
Which observation most directly supports an atomic model containing a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus?
31
Atomic Physics
An electron transition releases 2.10 eV. What is the emitted photon frequency?
32
Nuclear Physics
Which emissions are deflected in opposite directions by a transverse electric field?
33
Nuclear Physics
Two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus and release energy. This process is
34
Nuclear Physics
Why is the measured rest mass of a stable nucleus less than the sum of the separate rest masses of its nucleons?
35
Light and Spectra
Continuous light passes through a cooler low-density gas before reaching a spectroscope. What spectrum is expected?
36
Quantum Physics
Determine the de Broglie wavelength of an electron moving at 3.2 × 105 m/s.
37
Quantum Physics
Individual electrons arrive as localized impacts, but many impacts gradually form alternating high- and low-probability bands after two slits. The observations demonstrate
38
Nuclear Physics
A corrected detector reading is 6400 counts/min initially. What reading is expected after 3 half-lives?
39
Particle Physics
Which row correctly identifies the valence-quark composition of a proton and a neutron?
40
Quantum Physics
A metal has a work function of 2.15 eV. Calculate its threshold wavelength, in metres, to three significant digits.
41
Quantum Physics
Classify the four statements in the source as classical-wave (1) or photon-model (2) predictions. Enter the four digits in order.
42
Nuclear Physics
A target nucleus absorbs one neutron and splits into two daughter nuclei plus a free neutron. Use conservation of nucleon number and charge to determine the missing daughter mass number shown as A.
43
Nuclear Physics
Calculate the rest-energy equivalent, in joules, of a particle with mass 2.014 u. Use 1 u = 1.66054 × 10−27 kg.
44
Nuclear Physics
A nucleus undergoes one alpha decay followed by two beta-minus decays. Enter a two-digit code: the first digit is the magnitude of the change in mass number, and the second is the magnitude of the change in atomic number.
45
Modern Physics
A particle has kinetic energy 3.5 × 109 eV. Express this energy in joules.
46
Waves and Optics
Calculate the light wavelength from the first-order pattern, in metres, to three significant digits.
47
Waves and Optics
A ray travels from a medium with n = 1.33 into one with n = 1.52 at an incident angle of 24°. What is the refracted angle?
48
Gravitational Fields
A satellite moves from a circular orbit of radius r to one of radius 4r around the same planet. Compared with the original orbit, its new speed and period are
49
Electromagnetic Induction
An ideal transformer has 1200 primary turns and 180 secondary turns. If the primary voltage is 240 V, what is the secondary voltage?
50
Electromagnetic Fields
Parallel plates separated by 3.0 cm have a potential difference of 540 V. A perpendicular magnetic field of 0.045 T produces an undeflected beam. Calculate the selected speed, in m/s, to three significant digits.
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Part two
Written response
Physics 30
Written-response practice and personalized feedback
Progress0/6
1Momentum and impulse10 marksCollision Analysis at an Intersection
Alberta Ace Original Practice
Momentum and impulse10 marks
Collision Analysis at an Intersection
Alberta Ace Original Practice
Use the following information to answer this question.
Reconstructing a Collision
A 1 400 kg car travelling east at 14.0 m/s collides with a stationary 2 100 kg truck. The vehicles lock together and slide east after impact. The collision lasts 0.25 s.
Analyze this situation using the concepts of momentum, impulse, and energy. Your response should include:
- a calculation of the common velocity of the vehicles immediately after the collision,
- a calculation of the average force exerted on the car during the collision,
- a determination, supported by calculations, of whether the collision is elastic or inelastic,
- an explanation of how crumple zones use the impulse–momentum relationship to protect passengers.
Marks are awarded for correct physics, clearly shown work, and the quality of your explanation. (Holistically scored out of 10.)
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2Electric forces and fields10 marksCharged Droplet Suspended Between Parallel Plates
Alberta Ace Original Practice
Electric forces and fields10 marks
Charged Droplet Suspended Between Parallel Plates
Alberta Ace Original Practice
Use the following information to answer this question.
A Modern Oil-Drop Experiment
In a laboratory demonstration, a tiny latex sphere of mass 3.2 × 10−15 kg is held stationary between two horizontal parallel plates separated by 1.6 cm. The potential difference across the plates is 390 V, with the upper plate positive.
Analyze this situation. Your response should include:
- a free-body diagram of the suspended sphere, identifying each force,
- a calculation of the electric field strength between the plates,
- a calculation of the magnitude and sign of the charge on the sphere,
- the number of excess or deficit elementary charges on the sphere,
- an explanation of why experiments of this design led to the conclusion that electric charge is quantized.
Marks are awarded for correct physics, clearly shown work, and the quality of your explanation. (Holistically scored out of 10.)
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3Magnetism and induction10 marksElectromagnetic Induction in a Bicycle Dynamo
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Magnetism and induction10 marks
Electromagnetic Induction in a Bicycle Dynamo
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Use the following information to answer this question.
Generating Light from Motion
A bicycle dynamo contains a magnet that rotates near a coil of wire. When the cyclist rides faster, the headlight it powers glows more brightly. When the cyclist stops, the light goes out.
Explain the physics of this device. Your response should include:
- an explanation of how the rotating magnet produces a current in the coil, naming the law involved,
- an explanation of why the brightness increases with riding speed,
- a statement of the energy conversions occurring from the cyclist's motion to the light,
- an explanation of why pedalling becomes slightly harder when the dynamo is engaged, referring to Lenz's law,
- one design change that would increase the induced voltage at a given speed, with justification.
Marks are awarded for correct physics and the clarity and completeness of your explanation. (Holistically scored out of 10.)
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4Quantum physics10 marksInvestigating the Photoelectric Effect
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Quantum physics10 marks
Investigating the Photoelectric Effect
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A Photocell Experiment
Students shine light of various frequencies on a metal surface in a photocell and measure the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons. Their data:
| Frequency (× 1014 Hz) | Ek max (× 10−19 J) |
|---|---|
| 6.0 | 0.66 |
| 7.0 | 1.32 |
| 8.0 | 1.98 |
Analyze this experiment. Your response should include:
- a determination of the threshold frequency of the metal, supported by your reasoning or a graph description,
- a calculation of the work function of the metal,
- a prediction of Ek max for light of frequency 9.0 × 1014 Hz,
- an explanation of why light below the threshold frequency ejects no electrons regardless of intensity, and why this result supports the photon model of light over the wave model.
Marks are awarded for correct physics, clearly shown work, and the quality of your explanation. (Holistically scored out of 10.)
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5Nuclear physics10 marksRadioactive Decay in a Smoke Detector
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Nuclear physics10 marks
Radioactive Decay in a Smoke Detector
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Use the following information to answer this question.
Americium-241 at Work
Household ionization smoke detectors contain a small sample of americium-241, an alpha emitter with a half-life of 432 years. The alpha particles ionize air molecules in a sensing chamber, allowing a small current to flow. Smoke particles disrupt this current and trigger the alarm.
Analyze the physics of this device. Your response should include:
- the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of 24195Am, identifying the daughter nucleus,
- a comparison of the penetrating ability and ionizing ability of alpha particles with beta and gamma radiation,
- an explanation of why alpha radiation is well suited to this application and why the sealed source poses little risk during normal use,
- a calculation of the fraction of the original americium-241 remaining after 864 years,
- one statement about how the mass of the products of the decay compares with the mass of the parent nucleus, with reference to mass–energy equivalence.
Marks are awarded for correct physics, clearly shown work, and the quality of your explanation. (Holistically scored out of 10.)
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6Magnetism and induction10 marksCharged Particle in a Magnetic Field: Mass Spectrometry
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Magnetism and induction10 marks
Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field: Mass Spectrometry
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Use the following information to answer this question.
Separating Ions by Mass
In a mass spectrometer, a singly charged positive ion (q = 1.60 × 10−19 C) is accelerated and enters a uniform magnetic field of 0.250 T at 4.0 × 105 m/s, perpendicular to the field. It follows a circular arc of radius 5.2 cm.
Analyze this situation. Your response should include:
- an explanation of why the magnetic force produces circular motion but does not change the ion's speed,
- a statement of the rule used to find the direction of the force on the ion,
- a calculation of the magnitude of the magnetic force on the ion,
- a calculation of the mass of the ion,
- an explanation of how ions of different masses are separated in this device.
Marks are awarded for correct physics, clearly shown work, and the quality of your explanation. (Holistically scored out of 10.)
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